As a SQL Server DBA, there are various occasions where SQL Server returns Operating System errors as it causes some failure performing certain SQL Server operations. Below are Operating System Errors from Error 1502 to Operating System Error 1717

The Operating System Error 1502(The event log file is full.)
ERROR_LOG_FILE_FULL

The Operating System Error 1503(The event log file has changed between read operations.)
ERROR_EVENTLOG_FILE_CHANGED

The Operating System Error 1700(The string binding is invalid.)
RPC_S_INVALID_STRING_BINDING

The Operating System Error 1701(The binding handle is not the correct type.)
RPC_S_WRONG_KIND_OF_BINDING

The Operating System Error 1702(The binding handle is invalid.)
RPC_S_INVALID_BINDING

The Operating System Error 1703(The RPC protocol sequence is not supported.)
RPC_S_PROTSEQ_NOT_SUPPORTED

The Operating System Error 1704(The RPC protocol sequence is invalid.)
RPC_S_INVALID_RPC_PROTSEQ

The Operating System Error 1705(The string universal unique identifier (UUID) is invalid.)
RPC_S_INVALID_STRING_UUID

The Operating System Error 1706(The endpoint format is invalid.)
RPC_S_INVALID_ENDPOINT_FORMAT

The Operating System Error 1707(The network address is invalid.)
RPC_S_INVALID_NET_ADDR

The Operating System Error 1708(No endpoint was found.)
RPC_S_NO_ENDPOINT_FOUND

The Operating System Error 1709(The time-out value is invalid.)
RPC_S_INVALID_TIMEOUT

The Operating System Error 1710(The object universal unique identifier (UUID) was not found.)
RPC_S_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND

The Operating System Error 1711(The object universal unique identifier (UUID) has already beenregistered.)
RPC_S_ALREADY_REGISTERED

The Operating System Error 1712(The type universal unique identifier (UUID) has already beenregistered.)
RPC_S_TYPE_ALREADY_REGISTERED

The Operating System Error 1713(The RPC server is already listening.)
RPC_S_ALREADY_LISTENING

The Operating System Error 1714(No protocol sequences have been registered.)
RPC_S_NO_PROTSEQS_REGISTERED

The Operating System Error 1715(The RPC server is not listening.)
RPC_S_NOT_LISTENING

The Operating System Error 1716(The manager type is unknown.)
RPC_S_UNKNOWN_MGR_TYPE

The Operating System Error 1717(The interface is unknown.)
RPC_S_UNKNOWN_IF

This is applicable for below versions of Operating Systems

Windows Server 2003
Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows Server 2012

Hope this was helpful.

Thanks,
SQLServerF1 Team
In-Depth Blogs on SQL Server, Information about SQL Server Conferences and Events, SQL Server Frequently asked questions, SQL Server Trainings.